Culture in Foreign Policy: The Concept of the Humanitarian Policy of the Russian Federation Abroad

A Reader Resource

Those that read Xi’s speeches and have followed his appeals over the last two years will have noted his emphasis on people-to-people contacts that revolves around cultural exchanges which is a longstanding method for the use of culture in conducting foreign policy. Russia has long used the same approach since well before Soviet times. Recently, the discussion of the International Culture Forum in St. Petersburg was provided that demonstrated how culture can be made into an ally when fostering relations. Today, building upon that event, Lavrov addressed the 41st meeting of the Foreign Ministry's Council of Heads of Regions—yes, the regions are also allowed to participate in Russia’s foreign policy as some readers may already know. How this is done is repeated since regional officers do change. What follows are Lavrov’s remarks to the Council within which are numerous links to various activities:

Dear Colleagues,

I am glad to welcome you to this regular meeting of the Foreign Ministry's Council of Heads of Constituent Entities.

At the previous meeting, we discussed a range of issues related to the promotion of cooperation between our regions and the countries of Central Asia. We have identified priorities and outlined practical steps, primarily to give additional impetus to interregional cooperation. We noted that our colleagues have launched systematic work to implement the recommendations of the last meeting of the Council, which are of a long-term nature. The Central Asian partners demonstrate a reciprocal attitude towards the development of exchanges and specific forms of cooperation between the regions.

The topic of today's meeting is International Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation in the New Geopolitical Realities. We have a good legal foundation for this work, first of all, the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation and the Concept of Humanitarian Policy Abroad.

The humanitarian component of our relations with foreign partners is strengthened by the international cultural events regularly held in Russia: festivals, competitions, tours, contacts in the field of museum and theater business, and cinema. A few days ago, the Forum of United Cultures ended in St. Petersburg. This is an annual event in the Northern Capital. President of Russia Vladimir Putin made a detailed speech there and answered numerous questions.

I will not enumerate in detail the topics that were touched upon. I just want to emphasize the main thing: we are in favor of culture remaining outside the framework of any political processes, conflicts and crises. It should know no boundaries. We are ready to develop cooperation in this area with everyone, primarily with those countries whose leaders are in favour of developing contacts in this area, but we do not close the door to cultural and art workers from those countries where unfriendly governments are now in power.

It is necessary to use Russia's scientific and academic potential. Many regional centers have unique institutions of higher education, scientific organizations, and research infrastructure. This is in demand by applicants from all over the world. It is necessary to continue to develop interregional programs of inter-university cooperation, to attract foreign experts to participate in international scientific and educational events.

We are interested in increasing the number of foreign students studying at Russian universities. Favourable conditions are being created for this. We would like to encourage regional educational institutions to maintain ties with their alumni and to facilitate the creation and functioning of alumni associations of Russian and Soviet universities in foreign countries. There is a positive experience. We will develop it.

We are interested in promoting the position of the Russian language, primarily in the countries bordering Russia, as well as in expanding educational programmes in the Russian language with an eye to, among other things, training migrant workers.

Special attention should be paid to the development of international relations in such areas as sports, youth exchanges, and the volunteer movement. We see good prospects in the practice of creating thematic camps in the regions of the Russian Federation with the involvement of young people from foreign countries.

As for tourism. You know how much attention is being paid to this. We are in favour of growing Russia's attractiveness abroad as a preferential tourist destination. Many regions have achieved notable success in the development of cultural, educational, youth, sports, environmental and other types of thematic tourism. These successes are clearly demonstrated these days at the international exhibition and forum "Russia", which is held at VDNKh.

We note the growing level of cooperation between the regions and Rossotrudnichestvo, primarily the use of the infrastructure of Russian centres of science and culture abroad. We welcome the initiatives of the regions in this area. We will provide them with all possible support.

As Chairman of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO, I cannot but say a few words about the opportunities that work on this platform of this organization opens up for the Russian regions. The skillful use of its infrastructure is a good help for the export of domestic education, culture, science, popularization of our linguistic diversity, cultural heritage and natural wealth. There are various network projects at UNESCO, ranging from Associated Schools and Chairs to Creative Cities and the World Heritage List. By joining them, our regions get access to a huge number of reliable and interested partners around the world.

Many regions actively use UNESCO's expertise for their own development, increasing their tourist and investment attractiveness. There are many examples of this. I would only like to note the inclusion of the astronomical observatories of Kazan Federal University in the World Heritage List in September of this year, which gave Tatarstan a noticeable "increase" in tourist "rent". The flow of tourists wishing to visit this Republic of ours is increasing significantly. The creation of the UNESCO Geopark in Bashkortostan has led to the expansion of the region's external relations on this topic with the CIS countries and other countries.

Yakutia and Ugra are active in the field of multilingualism, including within the framework of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages. This makes it possible to hold representative international events even in the current difficult conditions.

The cultural potential of the regions can and should be used to strengthen cooperation within the framework of multilateral structures of a new type with the participation of Russia. I am referring to BRICS, which we will chair next year.

As for the regions' contacts with representatives of Western countries, I have already mentioned that we are open to the participation of their cultural and artistic figures and are ready to cooperate with their youth and sports circles. Of course, such cooperation should be depoliticized.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs will do its utmost to ensure that this is the case and that these activities are developed exclusively in a humanitarian context. There are many people in Europe and the United States who sympathize with our country. The St. Petersburg International Cultural Forum has once again convincingly confirmed this.

Over the past year, cooperation between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries (including Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan) has been the most intense. The vast majority of regions maintain close ties with China in all spheres. Cooperation with India and Arab countries has intensified. Among the regions that are particularly active on the cultural and humanitarian track, I would like to mention Moscow and St Petersburg, Karelia, Crimea, the Kamchatka Territory, the Vologda, Kaluga, Leningrad and Nizhny Novgorod regions.

I proceed from the premise that cultural diplomacy between the regions should reach a qualitatively new level in the interests of strengthening the authority of our country and shaping its objective image abroad. This work requires constant attention and adaptation to changing realities.

This is how the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will approach cooperation with our colleagues. In order to increase the effectiveness of cultural and humanitarian policy and improve coordination on this issue, a new unit was established at the Foreign Ministry at the beginning of this year – the Department for Multilateral Humanitarian Cooperation and Cultural Relations. Its employees will be ready to provide both informational, expert and practical assistance to all our regions. I invite everyone to work together.

The new department Lavrov mentioned in closing was on outgrowth of Russia’s new foreign policy concept, which is linked at the end of the third paragraph along with its counterpart, “The Concept of the Humanitarian Policy of the Russian Federation Abroad”. This document also provides the foundation for Russian humanitarian policy within the multilateral organizations in which it’s a member, like the SCO, BRICS and CIS. It is long and specific having 117 points. I’m appending it here as a Reader Resource.

CONCEPT

HUMANITARIAN POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ABROAD

I. General Provisions

1. This Concept is a system of views on the goals, objectives, principles and main directions of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad.

2. The legal basis of this Concept is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation, federal laws, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 8, 2011 No. 1478 "On the Coordinating Role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation in the Implementation of the Unified Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation", and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of federal public authorities in the field of humanitarian policy.

3. This Concept supplements and develops the provisions of the Main Directions of the Policy of the Russian Federation in the Field of International Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation, takes into account the main provisions of the strategic planning documents of the Russian Federation affecting the issues of international relations of the Russian Federation.

4. In the modern world, increased attention is paid to the role of man and human capital, as a result of which the social and humanitarian potential is actively used in various areas of international relations and world politics, including culture, science, education, sports and tourism. Activities in these areas are aimed at strengthening cooperation, mutual trust, and the development of human capital, which is of particular importance in the period of transformation of the world political system. In implementing the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad, it is necessary to take into account the interconnected and interdependent nature of modern international relations.

5. In all historical epochs, Russian culture has been a symbol of Russia and the Russian nation. Its uniqueness was demonstrated to the world not only by the works of outstanding representatives of literature, music and science, such as Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky, Pyotr Tchaikovsky and Dmitry Shostakovich, Dmitry Mendeleev and Ivan Kurchatov, but also by the rich cultural and spiritual heritage of the multinational people of Russia.

6. Despite Russia's difficult historical path, its culture has always united the Russian people. The historical experience accumulated over the centuries, the richest cultural heritage and the spiritual potential of Russia have allowed it to occupy a special place in the world cultural space and have created opportunities for the successful promotion abroad of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, as well as the best domestic achievements in the field of culture, science, education, sports and information and communication technologies.

7. The unique geographical location of Russia predetermined the synthesis of European and Asian principles in the culture of its multinational people. An important element in the formation of the value foundations of the life of Russian society, its cultural identity and national mentality was the communal nature of development, which was expressed, among other things, in the desire of both each person and the entire society for social justice and the implementation of long-term goals. In addition, the centuries-old peaceful coexistence of different peoples and religious groups on the same territory has contributed to the development and mutual enrichment of cultures, respect for customs and traditions, tolerance of different beliefs, dissent, as well as an understanding of the unacceptability of imposing values from outside.

8. The humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad is an integral part of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Culture plays a special role in the humanitarian sphere as an effective tool for smoothing out contradictions between states and forming a unifying international agenda.

9. On the world stage, the struggle for cultural influence continues to intensify, with the widespread involvement of new centers of power. Globalization continues not only to promote the cross-fertilization of national cultures, but also to the cultural identity of countries and peoples. In this regard, the implementation of this Concept should take into account the increasing number of attempts to belittle the importance of Russian culture and Russian humanitarian projects, to disseminate and impose a distorted interpretation of Russia's true goals to familiarize the world community with its cultural heritage and achievements in various humanitarian fields, to discredit the Russian world, its traditions and ideals, replacing them with pseudo-values.

10. The crisis of the existing world order, numerous gross violations of human rights, more frequent cases of disregard for the Charter of the United Nations (UN), attempts to politicize the humanitarian sphere and use it as an instrument of pressure on states and individuals, including by speculating on their civil, national and religious affiliation, threaten global security and the existing international legal mechanisms for the protection of human rights.

11. Against this background, multilateral efforts and actions by individual states to strengthen the systemic foundations of international relations, primarily to ensure strict compliance with the UN Charter, are of particular relevance. The Russian Federation proceeds from the premise that the international community's policy in the humanitarian sphere and in the field of human rights protection must be carried out collectively, taking into account the views of all interested States and the diversity of civilizations and cultures, traditions and the peculiarities of historical development. One of Russia's priorities in international relations is to uphold the importance of universal values and international humanitarian cooperation within the framework of international universal and regional organizations.

12. The spiritual and cultural foundation of the Russian Federation will contribute to strengthening the position of our country in the international arena and achieving the long-term goals of its sustainable development.

II. National Interests of the Russian Federation in the Humanitarian Sphere Abroad. Goals, Objectives and Principles of the Humanitarian Policy of the Russian Federation Abroad

13. The national interests of the Russian Federation in the humanitarian sphere abroad are:

1) protection of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values;

2) familiarization of the world community with the historical and cultural heritage of the multinational people of the Russian Federation and its achievements;

3) mutual enrichment of the cultures of the peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign states, including increasing the availability of Russian and world cultural heritage;

4) development of international humanitarian cooperation on a fair, mutual, open and non-discriminatory basis.

14. The objectives of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad are to form and strengthen an objective perception of our country in the world, to promote understanding of the historical path, role and place of Russia in world history and culture, and to expand contacts between people.

15. The objectives of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad are as follows:

1) formation of an image of Russia as a state that carefully preserves its rich history and cultural heritage, traditional spiritual and moral values, and in which social and cultural life is dynamically developing in conditions of freedom of literary, artistic and other types of creativity, pluralism of opinions, and the absence of censorship restrictions;

2) to protect, preserve and promote the traditions and ideals inherent in the Russian world;

3) promotion of the advantages of the federal structure of the Russian state, which recognizes the equal dignity of the cultures of all peoples living on its territory;

4) strengthening the role, importance and competitiveness of the Russian language in the modern world;

5) popularization of national achievements in the field of culture, science, education, sports, information and communication technologies;

6) increasing the competitiveness of domestic education and using its potential to expand Russia's humanitarian influence in the world;

7) development of international cooperation in the field of culture, science, education, sports and tourism;

8) increasing the tourist attractiveness of Russia for foreign citizens;

9) encouragement of international youth cooperation, including in the cultural, scientific and sports fields;

10) expanding the use of innovative technologies in information support for the implementation of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad.

16. The principles of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad are as follows:

1) the unity of the system of constitutional values that characterize Russia as a socially-oriented state that forms conditions for the comprehensive development of the individual, the realization of his creative potential, and the promotion of traditional spiritual and moral values;

2) partnership, which consists in the implementation of joint projects by the participants of international humanitarian cooperation, based on the pooling of resources and coordination of activities in order to increase the effectiveness of such cooperation;

(3) non-interference in the internal affairs of other States;

4) coordination, which provides for the openness of the participants in international humanitarian cooperation and their readiness to take into account the interests of other players on the world stage.

III. The Main Directions of the Humanitarian Policy of the Russian Federation Abroad

Formation of an objective perception of the Russian Federation abroad, promotion of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values

17. In order to effectively promote the national interests of the Russian Federation in the humanitarian sphere on the world stage, it is necessary to actively seek the formation of an objective perception of Russia abroad, taking into account the following aspects that affect such perception:

1) a set of positive, universally understandable cultural codes associated with Russia by the international community;

2) support for traditional spiritual and moral values in Russia;

3) the most significant achievements of domestic science and technology;

4) the most significant events in world history, in which Russia was a participant and which demonstrate the liberation, educational and pioneering mission of our country;

5) Russia's provision of assistance to other states in emergency situations;

6) implementation of projects in the field of international development assistance;

7) the development of Russian society, including the most successful social and humanitarian projects of the state aimed at increasing the availability of education and health care, supporting motherhood and childhood, young families, as well as low-income and other socially vulnerable segments of the population;

8) the high quality of Russian education and the availability of educational programs available to foreign citizens, including educational exchanges;

9) outstanding Russian sports achievements, the availability of opportunities for the development of international cooperation in the field of sports, as well as Russia's openness to such cooperation.

18. Successful formation of an objective perception of the Russian Federation abroad requires the application of an integrated approach to information support of all significant events taking place in our country and international events with its participation (preparation of foreign audiences for an objective perception of such an event or activity, coverage of the event or activity itself, continuation of work in the information space following the results of the event or activity).

19. It is important to regularly provide the widest possible target foreign audience with reliable information about how Russian society lives, what it is proud of, and what values it defends. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the growing demand for traditional values in the world, primarily family values, due to the aggressive imposition of neoliberal views by a number of states. The Russian state abroad is increasingly perceived as the guardian and defender of traditional spiritual and moral values, the spiritual heritage of world civilization (the priority of the spiritual over the material, the protection of human rights and freedoms, the family, the norms of morality and ethics, humanism, mercy). The Russian mentality is characterized by mutual assistance, collectivism, faith in goodness and justice. Along with adherence to traditional spiritual and moral values, over the course of the thousand-year history of our country, respect for foreign culture, faith, and customs has been formed in Russian society.

20. Russia provides assistance to foreign states affected by natural disasters, man-made disasters and terrorist acts, strives to increase the effectiveness of activities in the field of emergency humanitarian response abroad, and to strengthen its capacity to respond to crisis situations. Our country supports the creation of effective formats of interaction in this area under the auspices of the UN and other international universal and regional organizations, as well as the exchange of best practices on these issues. Broad informing of the world community about Russia's activities in providing assistance to foreign states in eliminating the consequences of emergency situations will help strengthen the position of our country as one of the influential centers of the modern multipolar world, the formation of its objective perception abroad, and the strengthening of mutually beneficial international humanitarian cooperation.

21. Russia is committed to the principles of equality, justice, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, is ready for mutually beneficial cooperation without preconditions, recognizes national and cultural identity, traditional spiritual and moral values as the greatest achievements of humanity and sees them as the basis for the subsequent prosperous development of human civilization.

Support and promotion of the Russian language as a language of international communication abroad

22. The Russian language occupies an important place among the languages of the world and is one of the most developed, rich and popular language systems due to the global importance of Russian culture. This is confirmed by the fact that the Russian language is the official or working language of international universal and regional organizations, such as the UN, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the World Health Organization, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and other. It is necessary to actively promote the principle of multilingualism in the activities of international universal and regional organizations, including the preservation and expansion of the use of the Russian language.

23. Support and promotion of the Russian language are key elements of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad and contribute to the formation of a positive attitude towards our country in the world, accelerating its scientific, technological and socio-economic development, attracting highly qualified specialists, creating conditions for ensuring interethnic harmony, as well as opportunities for self-realization and disclosure of the talent of each person.

24. Support and promotion of the Russian language is an integral part of the educational mission of the Russian Federation abroad, the most important instrument of political, economic, cultural, humanitarian, scientific and educational cooperation between our country and foreign countries.

25. The Russian language is a universal means of communication for the multinational Russian people. An important role is played by the availability of education in the Russian language both in our country and abroad.

26. The Russian language occupies a strong position in the information and telecommunication network "Internet" (hereinafter referred to as the "Internet"). The promotion abroad of various secure online technologies in which the Russian language is used will contribute to the formation of a favorable environment for human development and ensure the harmonious formation of future generations. The development of Russian-language Internet platforms and online services for communication and education is becoming increasingly important. An important and relevant direction in this area is interaction with the use of the media, including "new media" (social networks, messengers and blogs), as an effective tool of "soft power".

27. Positive experience has been accumulated in the field of teaching Russian as a foreign language, as well as methodological and methodological support for foreign schools in which Russian is taught. Particular attention is paid to educational and cultural events, such as Olympiads in the Russian language and Russian literature (classical and modern), master classes in the Russian language in music, painting, ballet, chess, architecture, mathematics, programming (areas in which Russians traditionally occupy leading positions).

28. It is necessary to develop cooperation with foreign partners in the field of book publishing and library activities, to ensure Russian participation in international and national book exhibitions and fairs, and to support the organization of translations of works of Russian literature into foreign languages.

Promotion of Russian Culture Abroad

29. For the purposes of this Concept, culture is considered as a tool for achieving mutual understanding and smoothing out contradictions between states and peoples.

30. Russian culture is the most important and integral part of world culture. As an instrument of "soft power", it contributes to strengthening Russia's international authority, shaping its objective perception abroad, and neutralizing anti-Russian sentiments of political and ideological origin. International cultural and humanitarian cooperation is designed to create favorable conditions for the implementation of foreign policy tasks and at the same time contribute to the establishment of a constructive dialogue and overcoming disagreements with foreign partners.

31. In the Russian Federation, culture is the unique heritage of its multi-ethnic people. Russia is focused on the mutual enrichment of the cultures of its peoples and is ready to share its experience with foreign partners. At the same time, foreign partners have been given the opportunity to highlight their national culture in Russia and at the sites of Russian foreign missions, which contributes not only to familiarizing the Russian public with the cultural values of other states and peoples, but also to forming an objective perception of Russia as a friendly and democratic state open to interaction with the cultures of other peoples.

32. All interested foreign partners shall be provided with equal conditions of access to Russian culture, taking into account their compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Of great importance is the work carried out by Russian information and cultural centres abroad and information and cultural centres of foreign States in Russia established in accordance with international treaties to which the Russian Federation is a party.

33. A solid basis for the promotion of Russian culture abroad is the practice of preparing and implementing complex large-scale projects within the framework of the "cross" years of the Russian Federation with other countries and the international project "Russian Seasons". A significant contribution to the implementation of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation is made by the organization of celebrations abroad of Russian anniversaries and memorable dates, days of Russian culture and other significant events for our country, the implementation of mutual trips of cultural workers in order to develop creative contacts, exchange experience, participation in conferences, symposia and other thematic events.

34. A serious advantage of a multifaceted national culture is the opportunity to present abroad as widely as possible outstanding examples of musical, theatrical (including opera, ballet and drama), circus and variety art, as well as song and dance creativity of the peoples of Russia. In order to expand the presence of the Russian Federation in world cinema, it is necessary to promote the best domestic films to foreign markets, to promote the holding of Russian film festivals abroad, the participation of Russian filmmakers in international film festivals, joint film production and cooperation in other forms.

35. Participation in international book fairs, assistance in attracting foreign partners to literary, library and book forums held in Russia, support for foreign libraries offering Russian publications to their readers, translation of the best works of Russian authors into foreign languages will contribute to the strengthening of international humanitarian ties and high appreciation abroad of Russia's contribution to the world literary heritage.

36. It is necessary to create conditions for an open dialogue and exchange of experience between cultural specialists, representatives of public authorities, politicians and business representatives of different countries in order to broadly discuss the problems and trends in the development of world and Russian cultural life at international venues. The organization of a comfortable space for communication and cooperation between cultural figures, potential partners and investors is becoming an important task in the context of mutual enrichment of cultures and further integration of Russia into the world cultural space.

Promotion of Russian science and education abroad

37. The main direction of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad in the field of science and education is to increase the competitiveness of Russian education, research and development, and to promote them on the world market.

38. It is necessary to make active use of achievements in the scientific and technical sphere and innovative developments, to highlight the role of Russian scientists in the development of world academic science in order to strengthen the objective perception of our country in the world.

39. It is important to seek recognition of Russian scientific and educational projects in the international educational space, to promote Russian educational services on the world market, to expand the network of Russian schools abroad, to increase the volume of training of foreign specialists in Russian educational institutions of higher education, including on a non-profit basis, and to increase the attractiveness of Russian education. Particular attention should be paid to strengthening the role of Russian educational institutions of higher education within the framework of network educational projects (the CIS Network University, the BRICS Network University, the SCO University, and others).

40. UNESCO's educational networks, including the UNESCO Associated Schools, the Intergovernmental Programme for Global Inter-University Cooperation and Academic Mobility (UNITWIN) and the World Network of Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutes (UNEVOC), should continue.

41. There is a growing need to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of bilateral ties between educational institutions of higher education in the Russian Federation and foreign countries through the implementation of joint projects, the exchange of specialists, scientists, teachers, students, as well as scientific and methodological literature and information materials.

42. One of the promising forms of promoting Russian education in the world market of educational services is the creation of departments in foreign educational institutions licensed abroad, in which training is carried out in the Russian language and according to Russian standards of higher education. The promotion, dissemination and scaling of the practice of implementing double degree programs, the creation of joint educational institutions of higher education with foreign countries in their territories, the organization of joint preparatory courses, the opening of branches of Russian educational institutions of higher education abroad are becoming relevant.

43. It is important to ensure the holding of scientific forums, conferences, symposia and seminars in Russia, to increase the academic mobility of students, researchers and teachers, their participation in foreign scientific events, programmes, projects and research, in exchange programmes of scientific institutes, as well as to attract talented young scientists, students and schoolchildren to participate in international competitions and Olympiads.

44. Taking into account the best international practices, it is necessary to increase the interest of foreign youth in obtaining education in Russia, including through the provision of grants, the development and implementation of appropriate educational programs, as well as through the use of the potential of non-profit organizations operating in foreign countries, cooperation with which meets the national interests of the Russian Federation.

45. An important component of the promotion of Russian education and science abroad is interaction with graduates of Russian educational institutions of higher education - citizens of foreign countries who make up the political and intellectual elite of these states.

46. Particular attention should be paid to the organization of information and analytical support for the promotion of Russian educational services and research programs abroad, including a set of measures to inform foreign citizens through Russian missions abroad, representative offices of Russian news agencies located in foreign countries, cooperation with which meets the national interests of the Russian Federation, as well as through media resources and social networks about the possibility of obtaining high-quality higher education in Russia and about the achievements of domestic scientists.

International cooperation in the field of physical culture and sports

47. Mutual understanding, expressions of goodwill and people-to-people contacts are inextricably linked to international cooperation in the field of physical culture and sport, which contributes to the strengthening of intercultural dialogue and the positive image of the Russian Federation in the international arena. In this regard, it is especially important for Russia to support the international Olympic and Paralympic movement, as well as for the broad participation of Russian sports representatives in major international physical culture and sports events. Further strengthening of cooperation with international and national sports federations, organizations, clubs, societies and government agencies is facilitated by exchanges of delegations, athletes, teams, coaches and other specialists in the field of sports training, their participation in international physical culture and sports events of various levels and training camps held both in Russia and abroad.

48. Interaction within the framework of UNESCO and the World Anti-Doping Agency is an important component of international cooperation in the field of physical culture and sport. Russia has consistently advocated the development of such cooperation, honest and fair sport and the prevention of its politicisation.

49. Russia's full-fledged participation in competitions in all Olympic sports disciplines should not depend on the opportunistic policies of individual states and the biased approaches of representatives of relevant international organizations. It is important to protect the rights of Russian athletes and prevent discrimination against them.

50. Work within the framework of multilateral mechanisms will not only give impetus to the development of physical culture and sport in our country, taking into account the application of international best practices, but will also contribute to strengthening the leading role of the Russian Federation in international cooperation in the field of physical culture and sports, and the adoption of decisions by international sports organizations and federations on the implementation of major international sports projects in Russia: Olympic and Paralympic Games, Universiades, World and European Championships in individual sports. It is necessary to pay constant attention to the participation in the activities of the governing and working bodies of international sports organizations and federations, specialized structures of international sports organizations, to strive for the inclusion of authoritative Russian experts in the field of physical culture and sports in their composition.

51. An important aspect of international cooperation in the field of physical culture and sport is the intensification of interaction with foreign States in the following areas: high-performance sports; mass sports; physical education and sports for the disabled, persons with disabilities; sports medicine; sports science; state policy and legal regulation in the field of physical culture and sports; construction and operation of sports facilities; organization of sports competitions; exchanges of coaches and other specialists in the field of physical culture and sports.

52. Mass sport has long been an effective policy tool to encourage the population to lead a healthy lifestyle. Increased attention in the world is also paid to the development of children's and youth sports. Russia supports the inclusion of children's and youth sports in the international sports agenda, including the development and implementation of programmes aimed at the development of children's and youth, school and student sports, as well as the organisation and implementation of various formats of international cooperation in this area. It is necessary to involve non-governmental organizations, children's and youth sports unions, associations and federations, Olympic and Paralympic associations in this area.

International cooperation in the field of tourism

53. An important social function of tourism is the development of the individual, creative potential, broadening of horizons and the acquisition of knowledge about the history, culture and traditions of the country. Visiting Russia allows foreign citizens to get acquainted with the history, culture and traditions of the multinational people of our country, thanks to which they form an objective perception of it.

54. International tourist exchanges are of great importance, contributing to the establishment of good-neighbourly relations, people-to-people contacts and the dissemination of first-hand information about Russia.

55. It is necessary to pay special attention to increasing the tourist attractiveness of the Russian Federation abroad: to distribute information and advertising materials, to ensure the participation of representatives of our country in international tourism forums, and to hold presentations of Russian tourist programs and routes.

International Youth Cooperation

56. International youth cooperation is one of the most important areas of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad, which makes it possible to develop friendly, good-neighborly and partnership relations between states. The implementation of projects in this area is an effective tool for strengthening Russia's positive image in the international arena.

57. International youth cooperation is carried out at the federal, regional and municipal levels and includes both bilateral cooperation on the basis of intergovernmental and interdepartmental agreements and multilateral cooperation within the framework of the United Nations, the CIS, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the SCO, BRICS, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Arctic Council, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and other international and regional organizations.

58. An effective mechanism for the development of international youth cooperation is the involvement of young people in international cultural, economic, scientific and educational processes, as well as in the volunteer movement through the implementation of international youth partnership programmes and youth exchanges.

59. The main efforts in this area should be focused on building equal partnerships between Russian and foreign youth public organizations, searching for the common interests of such organizations and interstate associations and, as a result, on developing bilateral and multilateral youth cooperation.

60. It is important to hold regular activities aimed at further strengthening and developing international and interregional youth cooperation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Supporting the initiatives of active young Russian citizens in the field of international cooperation will help expand the geography of youth projects and strengthen the authority of the Russian youth movement abroad. This is facilitated by such international formats as the International Youth Forum "Eurasia Global", the International Award "#МыВместе", programs and events of the project offices of international youth cooperation in the areas "Russia - BRICS", "Russia - Arctic Council", "Russia - Central Asian Region", "Russia - Organization of Islamic Cooperation", including international acceleration programs for the development of youth entrepreneurship, councils of volunteer organizations of Russia and foreign countries, as well as the All-Russian competition "Leaders of International Cooperation".

61. A special role in international youth cooperation is played by the humanitarian activities of young compatriots living abroad, in particular the successfully implemented project - the automated information system "Young Compatriots", which is an interactive platform for cooperation, communication and development of a community of young compatriots living abroad.

Providing support to compatriots living abroad

62. The Russian Federation provides support to compatriots living abroad in exercising their rights, ensuring the protection of their interests and preserving the national cultural identity.

63. Tens of millions of Russian compatriots live in the world. It is one of the largest diasporas in terms of numbers. Being included in a different system of values, compatriots living abroad remain bearers not only of the Russian language, Russian culture and traditions, but also of the languages, culture and traditions of the peoples of Russia. By establishing strong ties with compatriots around the world, providing them with support and assistance in preserving its native language and culture, Russia is strengthening its image in the international arena as a democratic state striving to form a multipolar world and preserve its cultural and civilizational diversity.

64. Organizations of compatriots living abroad continue to play a significant role in promoting the Russian language, culture, science, education, sports and tourism, and in developing bilateral cooperation in the humanitarian sphere and intercultural dialogue.

Preservation of historical and cultural heritage

65. The preservation of historical and cultural heritage is a priority for the State. The formation of an idea of historical and cultural heritage as an important factor in the transmission of the cultural (civilizational) code to future generations is of great importance for the maintenance of an original national culture.

66. International cooperation in the preservation, restoration and protection of cultural property should be encouraged, reliable guarantees for the return to the Russian Federation of museum exhibits temporarily sent to other States should be developed, and measures should be taken to prevent the illegal export of cultural property from the Russian Federation and the illegal transfer of ownership of it. In contacts with the competent authorities of foreign States, it is necessary to seek the restoration of the right of ownership of cultural property recognized as the cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation and illegally exported from the country, and its return to Russia.

67. In order to strengthen Russia's positive image in the world, various instruments of "heritage diplomacy" should be actively used within the framework of international formats to help protect and promote Russia's historical and cultural heritage abroad. It is necessary to promote the preservation and enhancement of the cultural heritage of foreign countries located in Russia, and to assist in the restoration of foreign cultural monuments outside our country.

68. The dissemination of objective information about the history of Russia (including the periods of the Russian Empire and the USSR), including that contained in archival materials, is important for preserving the reliable memory of the past and countering attempts to falsify history. An important role is played by providing assistance to foreign states that are faced with the free interpretation of historical events by individual states in their geopolitical interests.

69. It is necessary to work actively to prevent attempts by a number of countries to rewrite the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War, to downplay the role of the Soviet people in the Great Victory and, as a result, to diminish the pride of Russians, especially young people, in their homeland. The promotion of diverse information about the achievements of our country in the international information space and the influence of such information on public opinion should contribute to the spread abroad of conviction in the high scientific and cultural potential of Russia, its historical and pioneering role in space exploration, the development of peaceful nuclear energy and in other areas.

Using the Possibilities of Mass Media and Modern Technologies in the Formation of an Objective Perception of Russia in the International Arena

70. The media play an important role in shaping the image of the State in the international arena. In the context of globalization, the media can promote the integration of cultures, especially through the Internet, and promote dialogue and mutual understanding between people of different cultures. The mass media are a powerful tool for influencing people's minds, promoting information, and performing an educational function.

71. It is necessary to develop international cooperation between news agencies, to conduct journalistic exchanges, to ensure the broadcasting of Russian TV channels, including those aimed at foreign audiences, including compatriots living abroad, and to facilitate the distribution of Russian periodicals in foreign countries.

72. Particular note should be made of the importance of the activities of the Russian media in the implementation of Russia's humanitarian policy and in the formation of its objective perception abroad. It is the mass media, primarily Russian TV channels and "new media" (social networks, messengers and blogs), that are the most effective tool of "soft power", contributing to the popularization of Russian culture and the promotion of the Russian language abroad, as well as providing information support for various Russian humanitarian events.

73. It is necessary to actively convey to foreign audiences information about the significant developments of Russian companies in the field of information and communication technologies, including digital education. The high level of development of digital services and the provision of communication services can have a positive impact on the formation of the international image of Russia as a digital state.

74. The widespread introduction of modern digital technologies creates new opportunities for covering Russia's humanitarian activities abroad, providing foreign audiences with reliable information about our country, allowing citizens of other states to remotely participate in various cultural, scientific and sports events held in Russia, receive education in Russian and improve their skills.

75. The expansion of the Russian presence on the Internet and the intensification of work with Russian-speaking users and foreign Internet audiences are essential for the popularization of domestic achievements in the humanitarian sphere, the development of dialogue and the increase in interest in the history and culture of Russia. The promotion of domestic digital educational platforms and social networks abroad will significantly increase the effectiveness of the tools of Russian "digital diplomacy".

IV. Humanitarian cooperation

Multilateral humanitarian cooperation

76. Multilateral ties play an important role in humanitarian cooperation, including Russia's participation in the activities of international organizations and its interaction with regional integration associations. At the same time, it is of great importance to hold multilateral cultural, scientific, educational and sports events, including international festivals, conferences, symposia, Olympiads, Universiades, championships and other events.

77. It is necessary to strive to expand Russia's participation in multilateral humanitarian cooperation on the basis of international law, including with regard to the possible accession to the most important international treaties that meet the country's interests.

78. One of the goals of multilateral humanitarian cooperation with international organizations is to make the most effective use of their capabilities to promote the cultural and humanitarian development of our country and to intensify exchanges at all levels, including the regional level, taking into account the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

79. In the implementation of multilateral humanitarian cooperation in the fields of culture, science, education, youth policy and sports, it is of great importance to promote Russia's positions in the international arena in determining common approaches to the implementation of humanitarian policy in these areas in multilateral formats, including through the development of common rules, the exchange of best practices in the organization of activities, the introduction of the best Russian experience abroad and the use of the best foreign experience to promote the improvement of humanitarian policy in Russia.

80. The Russian Federation, as a multi-ethnic and multi-religious State, promotes the establishment of equal and mutually beneficial dialogue and partnership between cultures and religions, including by consistently pursuing this policy within the framework of the United Nations, the CIS, UNESCO and other international universal and regional organizations.

81. The United Nations and its specialized agencies have a special place in establishing equal and mutually beneficial dialogue and partnership among cultures and religions. The UN plays a fundamental role in establishing a full-fledged dialogue between civilizations aimed at achieving harmony between representatives of different cultures, religions and faiths.

82. The priority of Russia's humanitarian policy is the development of multilateral humanitarian cooperation with the CIS member States, which is carried out in accordance with the goals and objectives set out in the Concept for the Further Development of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the plan of main measures for its implementation.

83. The main objective of multilateral humanitarian cooperation with the CIS member States is the formation of a common cultural, educational and information space, the preservation of centuries-old spiritual ties with the peoples of these States, the comprehensive development of such ties, the search for new effective forms of cooperation, and the strengthening of the historically established position of the Russian language in these States.

84. Multilateral humanitarian cooperation with the CIS member States should be carried out in close cooperation with the Council for Humanitarian Cooperation of the CIS member States and the Interstate Fund for Humanitarian Cooperation of the CIS member States. The Fund's interaction with other international institutions dealing with humanitarian issues should be promoted.

85. There is a need to consistently develop cooperation with UNESCO, which aims to contribute to the strengthening of peace and security by expanding cooperation among peoples in the fields of education, science and culture. It is important to prevent further politicisation of this organisation by excluding from its agenda issues of territorial integrity and sovereignty, which lead to the emergence of conflict potential on this important international platform. In order to preserve UNESCO's traditional atmosphere of consensus, universal involvement, mutual respect and equal dialogue, attempts by individual States to promote politically motivated and non-universal initiatives should be resolutely suppressed, as well as the groundless imposition of a discussion of human rights within the framework of this Organization. The key to the wide recognition of UNESCO's leading role in multilateral cultural, educational and scientific cooperation is the preservation of its intergovernmental nature, compliance with the provisions of the Constitution of UNESCO, as well as the decisions of its governing bodies.

86. It is necessary to improve the content and forms of UNESCO's activities in the Russian Federation and to expand the geography of its presence in Russia in order to support national culture, science and education. It is necessary to promote the unification of the Russian public on the basis of the values enshrined in the Constitution of UNESCO, to make more active use of Russia's intellectual potential in order to implement the tasks of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad.

87. It is important to make good use of opportunities for cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Council on Monuments and Sites, the International Research Center for the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, the International Council of Museums, the International Council on Archives, the International Council on Music, the International Council for Dance, the International Council on Monuments, the International Council on Archives, the International Council on Music, the International Council for Dance, the International Council on Monuments, the International Council on Music, the International Council on Dance, the International Council on Monuments, the International Council on Monuments and Sites The International Theatre Institute, the International Association of Fine Arts, the International Publishers Association and other specialized agencies of the United Nations, organizations and structures of the United Nations system, as well as intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, organizations and public associations of foreign states engaged in activities aimed at the development of international cultural and humanitarian cooperation.

88. In order to expand tourism links, it is necessary to make full use of the potential of interested organizations. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the development of mutually beneficial cooperation with relevant international organizations, government agencies and organizations of foreign states to promote Russian interests in the field of tourism, taking into account its significant role in bringing states and regions closer together, establishing humanitarian and economic ties.

89. With regard to cooperation in emergency response, the partnership with the International Civil Defence Organization is of great importance.

90. One of Russia's priorities remains cooperation with other States in a pan-European format on issues related to culture, science, education, youth policy and sports. Russia's participation in international treaties in the field of culture, education, and sports that meet its interests should be more actively expanded.

91. It is necessary to continue to develop multilateral humanitarian cooperation within the framework of such international regional organizations and associations as the SCO, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, the Russia-ASEAN Dialogue Partnership and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum.

Bilateral humanitarian cooperation

92. Bilateral relations play an important role in humanitarian cooperation. Russia pursues a consistent multi-vector humanitarian policy abroad and is ready to develop the practice of cultural, scientific, educational and sports exchanges with all states, focusing on bilateral international treaties on cooperation in the field of culture, science, education, tourism, youth policy and the media. The political and economic situation in a particular state should not affect the development of relations in the humanitarian sphere. Russia is open to the whole world when it comes to bilateral humanitarian cooperation. At the same time, the scope and forms of bilateral humanitarian cooperation with different states depend on the history, traditions, geographical factors, the level of bilateral relations, the state of the legal framework, the material and financial capabilities and interest of the participants in such cooperation.

93. It is necessary to ensure that cultural exchanges with Russia's partners from the G<> countries are carried out on an equal and mutually beneficial basis. At the same time, it is necessary to strive for the implementation of the agreements reached in the humanitarian sphere within the framework of this format, including those related to the preservation of cultural and linguistic diversity, the development of the education system, and the observance of the ethics of scientific research.

94. Deepening bilateral cooperation in the fields of culture, science, education, youth policy, sports and tourism with the States of the post-Soviet space: the CIS member States, the Republic of Abkhazia, the Republic of South Ossetia, the Donetsk People's Republic and the Lugansk People's Republic remains a priority.

95. The development of humanitarian and cultural ties with the Baltic States, as well as with Moldova and Georgia, should take into account the observance of the rights of the Russian-speaking population in these States.

96. It is necessary to pay special attention to the development of bilateral humanitarian cooperation with Slavic countries, taking into account our common cultural and historical traditions. It is expedient to promote in every possible way the cooperation carried out within the framework of public organizations, in particular, the Forum of Slavic Cultures.

97. One of the areas of bilateral humanitarian cooperation is to preserve Russia's participation in the system of European cultural interaction. It is necessary to maintain balanced, mutually beneficial bilateral humanitarian cooperation with Western European states, as well as to promote the expansion of Russia's cultural presence in the Central and Eastern European regions, taking into account the readiness of the states of the regions for this.

98. In order to develop bilateral humanitarian cooperation, it is necessary to make active use of the potential of the large Russian diaspora in order to popularize Russian culture, science, education, sports and tourism abroad, as well as to form an objective view of the history and modern life of Russia.

99. Bilateral humanitarian cooperation with the States of the Asia-Pacific region (including through regional partnerships) should be expanded, taking into account their growing role in contemporary international relations and the presence of a developed cultural infrastructure in these countries.

100. Of particular importance is the traditional and increasingly dynamic bilateral humanitarian cooperation with China. It is necessary to continue consistent work to bring cooperation with India to a new level. The potential of humanitarian diplomacy in relations with Japan has broad prospects, taking into account the great demand for Russian culture in Japanese society. Serious efforts are required to further intensify bilateral humanitarian cooperation with Vietnam, Laos and Mongolia, a significant part of the political elite and creative intelligentsia of which were educated in our country and continue to be guided by Russian spiritual values. The practice of attracting young people from Asian countries to Russia for the purpose of obtaining higher education has good prospects. Bilateral cooperation in the field of sports has significant potential, including in terms of providing teams from Asian countries with venues for winter sports camps and trainings.

101. With regard to the States of the Near and Middle East, Africa and Latin America, efforts should be made to increase the level of humanitarian cooperation with them and Russia's cultural presence in them, taking into account mutual interests and material and financial capabilities. An important place in the development of relations with the states of these regions is occupied by cultural and educational exchanges, the expansion of the practice of training foreign specialists according to Russian educational standards, cooperation in the field of sports, especially in terms of the exchange of experience in holding major sports events and countering the politicization of sports. There is also considerable potential for the development of cooperation with these states in the field of tourism.

102. Special attention should be paid to the development of bilateral humanitarian cooperation with Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iran and Afghanistan, as well as with the State of Palestine.

103. There are ample opportunities for bilateral humanitarian cooperation with Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela.

V. Intercultural and interreligious dialogue

104. The centuries-old history of harmonious coexistence in our country of various peoples, ethnic groups and religions and the preservation of the customs and traditions of the multi-ethnic people of the Russian Federation are the most important civilizational achievements that are of great importance for solving the problems of ensuring stability in the world community.

105. The Russian state was created as a unity of peoples. Thanks to centuries-old intercultural and interethnic interaction, a unique cultural diversity and spiritual community of various peoples committed to common principles and values, such as patriotism, service to the Fatherland, family, creative work, humanism, social justice, mutual assistance and collectivism, has been formed on the historical territory of the Russian state.

106. Modern Russian society is united by a single cultural (civilizational) code, which is based on the preservation and development of Russian culture and language and the historical and cultural heritage of the entire multi-ethnic people of the Russian Federation.

107. Russia actively supports the development of intercultural and interreligious dialogue in both bilateral and multilateral formats. Religion occupies a special place in the development of such a dialogue.

108. International interfaith cooperation between the Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Islamic organizations and other organizations representing traditional confessions in our country (including with regard to the organization of cultural and educational events abroad) makes a significant contribution to the establishment and development of spiritual ties between people and nations.

109. The participation of representatives of traditional religions in international humanitarian events held within the framework of UNESCO, the United Nations Human Rights Council and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe contributes to the development of interreligious dialogue, the strengthening of mutual understanding and respect and the dissemination of Russia's unique experience of joint work by representatives of different faiths in the humanitarian sphere.

110. Of great importance for the development of intercultural and interreligious dialogue is the implementation of the unique project entitled "Days of Russia in Foreign Countries with the Inclusion of Spiritual Events", which makes it possible to demonstrate the achievements of Russian culture and the rich spiritual heritage of our country. Work within the framework of this project opens up new opportunities for the popularization of the richest historical and cultural heritage of Russia, creates a favorable background for the implementation of foreign policy activities, focuses attention on the importance of the moral foundations of politics, the need to unite efforts in the fight against religious intolerance, which often results in the barbaric destruction of cultural heritage.

VI. Formation and Main Mechanisms for the Implementation of the Humanitarian Policy of the Russian Federation Abroad

111. The President of the Russian Federation determines the main directions of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad.

112. The Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, within the limits of their powers, work on legislative support for the implementation of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad, and also contribute to the implementation of the tasks of parliamentary diplomacy.

113. The Government of the Russian Federation is taking measures to implement the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad.

114. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation submits proposals to the President of the Russian Federation on the directions of the humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad, implements the foreign policy of the Russian Federation in the field of humanitarian policy, as well as coordinates the activities of federal executive bodies and international relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in this area.

115. Other federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as interested organizations carry out activities in the field of humanitarian policy of the Russian Federation abroad in accordance with the principle of the unity of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation with the coordinating role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.

116. The activities of Russian missions abroad are of great importance in the implementation of the Russian Federation's humanitarian policy abroad.

117. This Concept serves as the basis for the development of state programmes of the Russian Federation, federal targeted programmes, intersectoral and sectoral programmes and projects, programmes in the field of international interregional and cross-border cooperation aimed at strengthening Russia's international authority, forming an objective perception of our country abroad, and ensuring its long-term interests.

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